Prostatitis

Causes and risk factors for prostatitis in menAll causes of prostatitis in men can be divided into two large - infectious and non -infectious groups.Acute inflammation of the prostate glandMost often, it has an infectious origin, this form of the disease is particularly frequent in men under the age of 40. In the vast majority of cases, it is caused by a bacterial flora:Enterococci;E. coli;Klebsiella and Proteas;Gonococcus;pale thirtyth;Chlamydia;Mycobacteria of tuberculosis.However, genitar or intestinal infection itself leads to inflammation of the prostatic gland in 100% of cases. For the development of bacterial prostatitis, predisposing factors are necessary, the main one of which is the systematic microtrauma of the gland. This occurs with prostate biopsy, cystoscopies or operations in the basin. Other risk factors for infectious prostatitis include: immunodeficiency (HIV infection, congenital pathology of the immune system);random sex life;homosexual contacts;Chronic diarrhea or constipation;obesity;A sedentary lifestyle.Pathogenic microorganisms enter the gland of the prostate of the urethra or rectum. The weakening of the immune protection and the micro -translated prostate contribute to the development of acute inflammation. In this context, the tone of the smooth muscles of the prostate rises, which leads to the compression of the urethra and the urban problems.Chronic prostatitisIt has a non -infectious origin and a more complex development mechanism. Inflammation is gradually formed and the exact cause of its occurrence has not been established. Risk factors of non -bacterial chronic prostatitis:increased pressure in the prostate gland (with benign or adenoma hyperplasia);increased pressure in the pelvic cavity;chronic pelvic pain;autoimmune diseases;Rare sexual contacts;heavy physical activity;Chronic stress.The pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis is based on the stagnation of the secret of the gland, the deterioration of its blood contribution, which leads to constant inflammation.In about 6% of cases, chronic bacterial prostatitis develops in men. The reason is an insufficient or incomplete treatment of the acute form of the disease.

Types of prostatitisAccording to the cause and the development mechanism, four clinicsprostatitis forms: :acute bacterial;chronic bacterial;Chronic non-bacterial (chronic pelvic pain syndrome);Asymptomatic inflammation.The National American Institute of Health distinguishes 4 types of prostatitisThe development stage and the clinic: :I type - acute bacterial inflammation with general and local manifestations;II Type - Chronic bacterial inflammation with periods of remission and exacerbations;IIIA Type - Chronic nonbacterial microorganisms (pathogens have not been detected) inflammatory confirmed by the presence of leukocytes in the secrecy of prostate or ejaculate;IIV type - non -inflammatory prostatitis, in which there are no pathogenic microorganisms and leukocytes in the secret of the gland;Type IV - Asymptomatic inflammation, which cannot be confirmed histologically.According toOf the nature of the pathological processIn the prostate gland, they distinguish:Catarrhale prostatitis - Uncomplicated acute inflammation;Stagnant or conestive prostatitis - Chronic inflammation associated with the obstruction of the conduits of the gland and the accumulation of a prostatic secret in them;Calculation prostatitis - A complication of a chronic form of the disease, accompanied by the formation of stones in the conduits of the gland;Granumatic prostatitis is an extremely rare form, which is accompanied by a thickening of the mucosa of the gland conduits.

Symptoms of prostatitis in menThe clinical picture of prostatitis in men consists of signs of inflammation of the prostate gland, compression of the neck of the bladder and the urethra, as well as general manifestations of the disease. The severity and combinations of symptoms differ depending on the form and stage of the development of prostatitis. Common eventsDiseases, whatever the form, serve:Pain at the bottom of the abdomen, lower back, coccyx and sacrum;violation of urination in the form of rapid envy, discomfort and burn, intermittent flow;Violation of power and ejaculation.The acute form of prostatitis suddenly begins, proceeds to pronounced symptoms, is often accompanied by various complications. Chronic inflammation is gradually developing, it is characterized by periods of exacerbations and remissions. With bacterial prostatitis, the first symptoms are signs of general poisoning (fever, nausea), and with a non -infectious form of the disease, local inflammation of prostate is of the main importance.

Signs of acute prostatitisWith acute prostate bacterial inflammation, the following symptoms appear in men:General malaise;fever over 38 ° C;nausea and vomiting;Severe pain at the bottom of the abdomen with radiation in the rectum;Frequent, but at the same time difficult, difficult;itching and burning in the urethra;Darken urine, the appearance of blood or pus.In the future, complete recovery occurs in the context of treatment, or the chronic form of bacterial prostatitis with various consequences is developing.

Chronic prostatitis symptomsDuring the formation of chronic bacterial prostatitis after acute inflammation, a man worries periodic pain at the bottom of the abdomen, the difficulty of difficulty, sometimes burning in the urethra. Pain can also spread to the lower back and coccyx, rectum, penis and scrotum. Symptoms generally occur during the period of exacerbation of prostatitis, and during remission, the well-being of a man remains normal. Non -infectious prostatitis in men is also called chronic pelvic pain, which includes both pain and signs of urination and sexual disorders. It is difficult for a man to urinate, because a flow of urine is slow and intermittent, there is a burning sensation and a feeling of pressure in the urethra. With a prolonged course of the disease, a violation of power occurs, ejaculation becomes lower and painful. In the end, the quality of life of a man suffers significantly, psychological problems develop.

Prostatitic painPain syndrome with prostatitis is a constant and most pronounced symptom, which is present in all forms of the disease. The mechanism of pain in prostatitis is due to inflammation and edema of the gland, the compression of the receptors in the neck of the bladder and the initial section of the urethra.The acute form of the disease is accompanied by the most severe pain, as inflammation is infectious, leads to massive edema of the gland. The pain is located in the prostate itself, but the man feels it not only in the bottom of the abdomen, but also in the lower back, the nucleus, the rectum and the scrotum.With chronic inflammation of the prostate, painful pain, but they are longer in nature, may not disappear even during the period of remission. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is accompanied by unpleasant sensations mainly in the gland of the prostate itself, as well as in the coccyx, around the anus, at the base of the penis and the scrotum. Differentness disturbs man daily for at least three months.

That the inflammation of the prostate is dangerousComplications develop both with acute and chronic prostatitis forms:vesiculitis (inflammation of seed bubbles);colliculitis (inflammation of seed tubers);abscess of the prostate (abscesses in the capsule);prostate fibrosis (the formation of scars in the gland fabric); prostate cysts;prostate stones;Infertility due to the deterioration of the quality of the sperm;erectile dysfunction caused by both chronic pelvic pain and psychological disorders;depression.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the prostate glandWhen the first signs of prostatitis appear, you must contact a urologist. First of all, the doctor speaks with the patient to determine the nature of the complaints and collect an anamnesis. To do this, the doctor asks the following questions:How long the symptoms of the disease have appeared;When the pain is located, its character and its conditions of occurrence;Are there problems with urination and ejaculation;Are there chronic illnesses, including genitourinary infections.To diagnose prostatitis, the doctor uses the following methods:Rectal examination of the fingers of the prostate gland;general clinical blood tests;Bacteriological examination of ejaculated or prostatic secretion;Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;Urofloometry;radiography or computed tomography of the prostate;In rare cases, a biopsy of the prostatic gland may be necessary, followed by a histological examination.

Prostatitic treatment methods in menFor the treatment of prostatitis in men, mainly conservative methods are used, tactics depend on the cause and stage of the development of the disease. With asymptomatic inflammation (type IV), active treatment is not necessary. In other forms of the disease, complex treatment is indicated, the acute form of prostatitis requires hospitalization in the hospital, chronic inflammation can be treated on an outpatient. First of all, the doctor makes recommendations on Lifestyle corrections: :rejection of smoking and alcohol consumption;regular sex life;exclusion of stress;adequate physical activity;balanced diet;Exception of hypothermia and overheating.A prerequisite for the successful treatment of prostatitis is Elimination of related diseases, in particular urogenital infections.Pharmacotherapy  With prostatitis, it aims to remove the inflammatory process, to improve the urination and relief of pain. The following groups of drugs are used:Antibiotics. Showed by acute bacterial inflammation, the doctor prescribes drugs taking into account the results of the microbiological examination of the prostate secrecy. Drugs can be taken orally in the form of tablets or in the form of intramuscular injections. The evolution of treatment is generally 4 to 6 weeks with an acute form of the disease. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, the duration of treatment is determined individually.Alpha-blockers. Medicines are designed to improve urination because they relax the smooth muscles of the gland and eliminate the compression of the urethra prostatic. In the chronic form of the disease, they must be taken for a long time, and sometimes for life.Musorelaxing and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is shown that they eliminate pain syndrome caused by the inflammation of the gland and the spasm of its muscles.In chronic inflammation, drugs to improve microcirculation, immunomodulators, antidepressants, drugs to stimulate erection are indicated.The acute inflammation of the prostate gland is supplied with medication, in most cases, a complete recovery occurs within 1, 5 to 2 months. In the chronic form of the disease, therapy is carried out for a long time, for several years or for life. An important way to treat congestive prostatitis is the massage of the prostate gland through the rectum. The procedure is carried out by a urologist, on an outpatient. Massage helps to eliminate muscle spasms stimulates the release of a prostatic secret.Physiotherapeutic procedures  Shown in the chronicle prostatitis course:Laser therapy;electrophoresis and ultrafonophoresis;Microwave therapy;electrical stimulation;acupuncture.Surgery  It is only shown with the development of complications - an abscess or prostate stones.

Forecasts and PreventionThe prognosis for recovery in acute bacterial prostatitis is favorable subject to rapid and complex treatment. The transition to a chronic form is observed in 6 to 10% of cases. Chronic non -bacterial prostatitis, as a rule, cannot be completely healed. Complex therapy allows you to slow down the progression of the disease, preserve the quality of human life and reduce the risk of complications.The prevention of prostatitis development in men includes the following recommendations:healthy lifestyle;regulation of the labor and rest regime;Balanced diet and consumption mode;adequate physical activity;Regular sex life (ejaculation);prevention of genitorerinary infections;Restriction of invasive manipulations (cystoscopy, urethra catheterization, prostate biopsy);Prevention of genital injuries.